How Does a Bridging Loan Work?
A bridging loan fills the gap when you need to buy something expensive but are waiting on funds from another source. You get quick cash, which must be paid back once your expected money comes in.
Definition
A bridging loan serves as a short-term financial solution for vehicle owners who need quick funds. These loans bridge the gap between selling one asset and buying another, offering immediate cash flow.
They are especially useful when timing discrepancies occur in transactions, allowing you to secure a new vehicle even before selling your current one.
Bridging loans explained simply mean utilizing these loans to cover short-term financial needs. For example, if you find the perfect car but haven’t sold your old one yet, a bridging loan provides the necessary funds right away.
This guide aims to clarify how bridging loans work without overwhelming you with complex jargon or excessive details.
Types of Bridging Loans
Understanding the various types of bridging loans can help vehicle owners make informed choices. This bridging loan guide breaks down the options available in the UK, each suited to different needs and situations.
Open Bridging Loans:
Open bridging loans don’t have a fixed repayment date. Borrowers usually opt for this type when they’re unsure about when they’ll have the funds to repay the loan. It’s a flexible choice but typically has higher interest rates due to its uncertainty.
Closed Bridging Loans:
In contrast, closed bridging loans come with a predetermined repayment date. These are common when the borrower knows exactly when they’ll have the money to pay back the loan, such as from a property sale expected to close by a certain date.
First Charge Bridging Loans:
A first charge loan is where the lender takes a 'first charge' over a property, meaning if you fail to repay, they get first dibs on any proceeds from its sale. This option often allows larger borrowing amounts since it poses less risk to the lender.
Second Charge Bridging Loans:
If there’s already a mortgage or another loan secured against your property, a second charge bridging loan can be an option. As these are riskier for lenders (they're second in line for repayment if things go south), expect higher interest rates.
Regulated Bridging Loans:
These loans are overseen by financial authorities and offer protection for borrowers using their current home as security while moving to another house or temporarily financing a new property before selling their old one.
Unregulated Bridging Loans:
Unregulated loans apply when the borrowing isn't covered by certain financial regulations, usually when dealing with commercial properties or buying land. They give more flexibility but come with less borrower protection.
Each type of bridging loan offers unique benefits and considerations tailored to specific circumstances and goals among vehicle owners seeking short-term financing solutions.
Next up, let's explore how much you can borrow and what costs are involved with bridging loans UK.
Borrowing amount and bridging loan cost
The amount you can borrow with bridging loans in the UK hinges on the value of your collateral, typically a vehicle or real estate. Lenders usually offer up to 75% of the asset's worth, giving you access to significant funds.
The bridging loan interest rates on these loans tend to be higher than traditional financing options due to their short-term nature and flexibility.
Costs associated with bridging loans include arrangement fees, legal fees, and potentially early repayment charges. These expenses vary from lender to lender but are crucial factors in determining the total cost of borrowing.
Vehicle owners should carefully review these charges before securing a loan, ensuring they understand all financial commitments involved.
Pros and Cons of Bridging Loans
Exploring the pros and cons of bridging loans reveals their benefits but also highlights some drawbacks essential for vehicle owners to consider. Keep reading to discover how these loans might suit your needs!
Advantages
Bridging loans offer quick financial solutions for vehicle owners needing immediate funds. These loans fill the gap between selling one property and buying another, so there's no need to wait.
They provide flexibility in purchasing without first having to sell your existing asset. This means you can buy a new vehicle or invest in opportunities without delay.
The benefits of brididing loans don't stop there. They often come with shorter terms and can be arranged much faster than traditional bank loans. For those looking to fix up a vehicle before sale or secure a new one quickly, this is ideal.
Next comes understanding the downsides to balance out this financing option.
Disadvantages
High interest rates often challenge those opting for bridging loans UK. These loans come with shorter repayment terms, pushing the cost up. Late payments can lead to even higher charges, putting a strain on your finances.
It's crucial to think about these potential costs before signing up.
Qualifying for a bridging loan might not be straightforward either. Lenders usually require strong collateral and a clear exit strategy. This means you need to show how you plan to pay back the loan, which could involve selling property or securing long-term financing elsewhere.
For vehicle owners without substantial assets aside from their car, this can pose a significant hurdle.
Qualification process
To qualify for a bridging loan, vehicle owners need to demonstrate they have a clear exit strategy. This means lenders want to see how you plan to pay back the loan, usually through selling another property or obtaining long-term financing.
Your credit history and the value of the collateral you offer also play significant roles in the approval process. So, ensuring both are strong can boost your chances.
Lenders will assess your financial situation, including income and existing debts. They do this to ensure you can manage the loan payments alongside your other financial responsibilities.
Next, we'll explore how to find the best bridging loan that meets your needs and offers real benefits of bridging loans.
How to find the best bridging loan
Finding the best bridging loan for vehicle owners requires careful consideration and research. Follow these steps to ensure you choose a loan that suits your needs.
- Assess your financial situation thoroughly. Understand your ability to repay the loan by evaluating your income, expenses, and any debts you currently have.
- Know the value of the collateral, typically your vehicle or another asset. This will help determine the amount of the borrow money party and may affect interest rates.
- Compare interest rates from multiple lenders. Look for the lowest rate but also consider other loan terms that might impact the overall cost.
- Read the fine print on fees and charges. Some bridging loans come with application fees, legal fees, and valuation fees which can add up quickly.
- Check the loan's flexibility features like early repayment options without penalties which can save money if you're able to settle early.
- Investigate the lender's reputation by reading reviews and asking for recommendations from friends or financial advisers who understand bridging loans well.
- Inquire about the speed of approval and funding availability since one main advantage of bridging loans is quick access to cash.
- Ensure clear communication with potential lenders about your need for a bridging loan as a vehicle owner. They might offer specialized products that better fit your situation.
- Prepare all required documents in advance to speed up the application process. These might include proof of income, identification papers, and details about your collateral.
- Lastly, consider consulting a financial adviser to help navigate through options and make an informed decision tailored to your specific needs as a vehicle owner.
Bridging Loans: Key Takeaways
Here's a short guide to how bridging loans work:
- Short-term loan secured against a property.
- Used to bridge gaps in longer-term financing.
- Very fast to organise.
- Higher interest rates than mortgages.
- More flexible terms and easier to qualify for.
- Often used for fast auction property purchases.
- Popular for developments.
- Can be used to buy properties ineligible for a mortgage - for example, because they don't have a working bathroom or kitchen.
- Usually require no monthly payments, with interest rolled up into the loan balance and repayable in full at the end of the term.
- Last for a year or less in most cases.
The significant factor is your exit strategy - this is short-term finance, and you must have a viable way to pay back the loan.
Most of the time that is by remortgaging the property or selling it.
When Do People Take Out Bridging Loans?
Let's take a look at some examples:
- Property auctions usually command a 10% deposit and the balance to be paid in 28 days; which is not enough time to finalise a mortgage. Bridging finance takes just a few days so can be used to pay the balance while you get a mortgage in place.
- Buyers who have been rejected for a mortgage can often qualify for a bridging loan. If you expect to become eligible for a mortgage soon (for example, an adverse credit issue is due to expire from your record), a bridging loan is a short-term alternative.
- Dilapidated properties are often unmortgageable because they can't be lived in, in their current state. Bridging finance allows you to buy the property, renovate it, and then remortgage or sell it at a higher value.
Bridging loans are very flexible and can be used by private residential buyers or businesses, to buy commercial properties or land, and pretty much anything else provided there is a good exit strategy in place.
What are the Eligibility Criteria for a Bridging Loan?
Most lenders primarily care about the exit strategy - if there is a rock-solid way to repay the loan, they won't be as concerned about your income or credit rating. However, anything that makes the loan riskier will push up the interest costs.
Key criteria include:
- Having a strong exit strategy that proves you will be able to repay the debt. If you plan to remortgage, an agreement in principle is suitable proof, for example.
- You need to offer security - an asset that the loan is secured against and sold in a repossession scenario. The higher value the security, the better your chances of approval.
- Credit scores do matter, in that the better your credit rating, the safer a loan it is for the lender. If you have severe credit issues, you may need to apply to a specialist bad credit lender.
- Property experience is a bonus, mainly if you apply for a loan to renovate a rundown property. Some lenders require a minimum experience, but others do not.
- Your deposit is also crucial, and most lenders will offer up to 75% as a maximum LTV - so you'll need at least a 25% deposit. If you can put down 40% or higher, you will get the most competitive rates.
What is involved with Applying for a Bridging Loan?
One of the biggest selling points is that a bridging loan takes just a few days to organise, conditional on a valuation being carried out.
The application process is simple:
- Contact Revolution Brokers, discuss your circumstances and what you wish to borrow, and we'll advise whether a bridging loan is the best option.
- We'll assess your exit strategy and recommend the best lenders to apply to.
- Initially, we might seek an agreement in principle, or if you're ready to go, we can proceed with a full application on your behalf.
- The lender issues a conditional offer, which you can choose to accept or reject - the condition is usually the property's valuation.
- From there, everything works like a mortgage. The paperwork is sent to the solicitors, legal checks carried out, and signatures collected.
- Completion can then proceed - and the entire process usually takes under a week!
What is the Difference Between Regulated and Unregulated Bridge Loans?
Regulated bridging is the type of loan required for a residential home. These loans are regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority, which protects homeowners from bad advice or inappropriate selling.
Every other type of bridge loan is unregulated - which means it is bespoke to the applicant. There is nothing untoward about an unregulated bridge loan, but it isn't a standard product and is highly flexible.
Any application for commercial premises, buy to let, or business use would be considered unregulated.
What are Open Bridge Loans and Closed Bridge Loans?
Open bridge loans have a finite end date but are more flexible, so you have more breathing room. You'll still need a robust exit strategy and repay the debt by the end of the term, but it is a timeframe, rather than a static date.
Closed bridge loans are cheaper because the lender knows precisely when you will repay them.
There is no flexibility to change the date without an agreement with the lender - which will usually carry additional fees, and be at their discretion.
What are the Interest Charges on Bridging Loans?
As bridge loans are shorter term, the interest is higher - and lenders can charge interest in several ways:
- Monthly interest is paid as you go, the same as an interest-only mortgage.
- Rolled up interest isn't paid back, but added to the loan total. The capital plus the compounded interest are payable in full at the end of the term.
- Retained interest is fixed at the start of the loan, and acts as if the applicant is borrowing the interest from the lender.
How Much Can I Borrow on a Bridging Loan?
There is no fixed maximum, and commercial bridge loans can be for many millions of pounds.
Most lenders will stipulate a minimum, which can be from £10,000 but is more likely to be £30,000 or £50,000.
What Terms Can I Get on a Bridge Loan?
Short-term bridge loans typically run for a few months, or up to a year. You can get a term of between 18 months and two years in some circumstances, or as long as three years with a niche lender for a specific project.
What Deposit Do I Need to Be Approved for Bridging Finance?
The typical Loan to Value is capped at around 70% to 75%, so you need a deposit of at least 25% to be approved.
In some cases, if you don't have a large deposit, you can leverage security in other assets in lieu of a deposit.
Where the loan is considered riskier, you will need a higher deposit, which can be as much as 50%.
There are 100% LTV bridge loans out there, but this is a specialist product and requires substantial security to offset the lender's risk and the valuation costs for every asset used instead of a deposit.
What Can I Use a Bridging Loan For?
There are few limitations! You can purchase land, although not all lenders will offer this since land is seen as riskier than property. You usually need a deposit from 45% to 50% for a land bridge loan, and exit strategies might be:
- Developing the land and selling it at a profit.
- Self-building a property and remortgaging.
- Using development finance to pay for a construction project.
- Taking out a standard remortgage to pay back the bridge loan.
You can also use bridge loans on any number of property types, including:
- Residential homes.
- Buy to let rental investments.
- Commercial premises.
- Properties otherwise unmortgageable.
Why Would I Use a Bridge Loan to Buy a Residential Home?
There are lots of situations where a bridge loan might solve a problem:
- Homebuyers can solve short-term cash flow issues with a residential bridging loan.
- You can use a bridge loan to finance a property purchase if you are in a chain and waiting for your existing home to sell.
- Properties considered unmortgageable, such as those without a kitchen or requiring extensive renovation, can be financed through a bridge loan and remortgaged when the repair work is finished.
- In some cases, you can even use a bridging loan for a deposit - although must have a stable exit strategy to repay this.
How Do Bridging Loans Work on Buy to Let Investments?
Bridge to let loans mean using a short-term bridging loan to buy a rental property. If this needs renovation, you can use the bridge to pay for the investment and repairs, and then remortgage at cheaper rates when the work is finished - and the property is worth more.
You will still need a 25% deposit as a minimum.
With bridge to lets, the remortgage is agreed in principle with the same lender, and kicks in when the work is finished, the property revalued, and it becomes eligible for a mortgage.
Can I Use Bridging Loans for a Commercial Investment?
Commercial property bridging loans carry similar rates and terms to residential finance, so you'll need a similar deposit level.
Some lenders exclude specific building types, such as restaurants and petrol stations, if they deem them higher risk.
For non-standard properties, it is still possible to find a bridge loan, but it is essential to use an experienced broker to negotiate the terms on your behalf.
Can Bridging Loans Have a Second Charge Security?
They can, although this is less common. If you have an existing mortgage secured against the property, you will pay higher interest rates for a second charge bridging loan, and the deposit minimum will be at least 30%.
You can also take out a bridging loan as a third or even fourth charge, although this is very much a specialist product and the eligibility criteria would be stricter.
Can I Get a Bridging Loan for a Property Anywhere in the UK?
Business finance broker work with lenders across the UK, and the rules and terms in England and Wales are very similar.
In Scotland and Northern Ireland, you'll find fewer local bridge lenders, and there can be restrictions on development financing projects in particular postcodes and areas of the Highlands.
